Managing legume leys, residues and fertilisers to enhance the sustainability of wheat cropping systems in Australia 1. The effects on wheat yields and nutrient balances
نویسندگان
چکیده
Farming activities practiced on many Australian soils have resulted in substantial losses of soil organic matter (SOM), nutrient loss, soil structural degradation and declines in cereal yield and quality. Field trials, consisting of a legume or fallow phase followed by three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops, were established on a degraded Ferric Luvisol (Red Earth) soil in New South Wales to investigate the effect of crop residue and fertiliser management on wheat yield and nutrient balances. There were no effects of a chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv Amethyst), barrel medic (Medicago truncatula L. cv Sephi), or fallow phase on the grain yields of three subsequent wheat crops. Grain yield was depressed by 12% following a lucerne (Medicago sativa L. cv Trifecta) crop from which the plant residues had been removed, relative to when residues were returned or grazed. Consecutively, higher wheat grain yield losses of 7.4 and 8.6% in 1994 and 1995 were found on treatments from which wheat stubble was annually removed from the system. Grain yield losses of 6, 7 and 13% in three consecutive wheat crops were found where no fertiliser was applied at sowing. Nutrient balances, based on inputs of nutrients in fertilisers and residues, and the export of nutrients in grain and crop residue were found to be useful in describing the ̄ow of nutrients in a farming system and predicting possible soil nutrient depletion. Fallow systems provide no nutrient inputs and result in N losses of up to ÿ189 kg haÿ1 over three wheat crops. The balance of nutrients such as potassium (K), which are contained in larger proportions in stubble, were found to be ÿ102 kg haÿ1 on the wheat stubble removed treatments and 8 kg haÿ1 on the stubble retained treatments. Better recycling of crop residues and improving ley system to increase nutrient and C inputs have the potential to improve soil fertility and grain production. # 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
منابع مشابه
Managing legume leys, residues and fertilisers to enhance the sustainability of wheat cropping systems in Australia 2. Soil physical fertility and carbon
Soil organic matter (SOM) is considered as a key indicator of sustainability, therefore measurements of SOM changes under various forms of management are needed for the development of sustainable systems. Because the measurement of total SOM is not sensitive enough to monitor short and medium term changes, techniques that measure meaningful fractions of SOM should be used. In this study both to...
متن کاملPhytotoxicity of black cumin (Nigella sativa), dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica), dill (Anethum graveolens), and soybean (Glycin max) residues on emergence and establishment of wheat
Allelopathic effects of plant residues is an important research avenue regarding optimization of rotation systems in agronomy. The aim of this study was to investigate the allelopathic effects of four plant residues, namely, black cumin, dragonhead, dill, and soybean on the germination and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in different cropping systems. Results showed that applicatio...
متن کاملThe Efficiency of Integrated Pre-Emergence and Post-Emergence Herbicides in Nutrient Uptake by Wheat and Nutrient Depletion by Weeds in Sesame-Wheat Cropping System in Khuzestan
In order to investigate the effect of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides on nutrient depletion, weed population and nutrient uptake by wheat in sesame-wheat cropping system in Khuzestan a field experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2019-2020. Treatments included no weeding, hand...
متن کاملCropping systems, tillage and fertilization strategies for durum wheat performance and soil properties
Many sustainable agronomical practices can be adopted to contain environmental risks of crop production and, at the same time, sustain yield and quality. In this framework, the aim of this research was to study the effects of continuous cropping (CC) and crop rotation, tillage and fertilization strategies on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) production. The responses of soil properties we...
متن کاملIntegrated nutrient management for sustainable crop production, improving crop quality and soil health, and minimizing environmental pollution
Laboratory, growth chamber and multiyear field studies were conducted with prominent cropping systems of the subtropical northwestern states of India including rice–wheat, rice–mustard, rice–rapeseed, soybean– wheat, soybean–rapeseed, groundnut–wheat, and groundnut–sunflower by including legumes (moongbean, cowpea, sesbania, pigeon pea) to investigate the role of integrated nutrient management ...
متن کامل